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Melody blue spix macaw [www.irisoptical.co.uk]

After a long time filled with speculation and worry, Brazilians and German conservationists were able to successfully reintroduce a grouping of couples back into their natural habitat. Their story is inspiring however, it is also filled with jealousies and backbiting.

The first challenge was finding enough birds to exchange. The macaws were monogamous, therefore it was important to match pairs well.

Range

A South African couple is working to save the critically endangered Spix's Macaw, which was declared extinct in 2000 following years of poaching and loss of habitat. They have a tiny population of the birds kept in captivity and they hope to release them into the wild near Curaca. They call the birds little blue companions, and compare their journey to that of Presley the only known Spix's Macaw in wild. They call him as a true survivor who lost his family but remained loyal to the area. They feel a strong bond to him and see their lives as being identical to his.

Researchers were able to study the behavior of the Spix's Macaw in wild, and to better understand the reasons why this species has lasted so long. It also allowed them to make a more precise estimate of the historic numbers of this rare bird. Researchers were able gather important information about the bird's daily movements and seasonal adaptation to drought, and food habits. They also monitored attempts at reproduction with a hybrid Spix's and Illiger's macaw pair which was a crucial step in the rehabilitation of this species.

It was a remarkable achievement that this bird survived and thrived in the wild despite having a small gene pool. This has enabled scientists to better understand how these birds can be reintroduced back to the natural world. The bird's survival has inspired people to take action to save other species of parrots that are endangered. Zoos and other groups to set up their own captive breeding programs for these exotic birds.

This group of experts is a model for how conservation groups and other organizations can work together to protect endangered wildlife and endangered animals. This group consists of Brazilian government officials, representatives from zoos, international holders of the Spix’s macaw and ornithologists, with one goal in common that is the recovery of this endangered bird.

The working group has already completed a lot of work, including developing an idea for reintroducing this bird back into the wild. The group has also worked to raise funds for field research, community outreach and captive-breeding birds for the reintroduction project. They have also formed an ongoing committee to help recover the bird.

Habitat

Ten years ago the Spix's Macaw (Cyanopsitta Spixii) was considered extinct. It was threatened by the destruction of habitat and poaching that was illegal. Today, aviculturists and ornithologists continue to fight tirelessly to save this iconic bird back from the brink of extinction.

A cult animated film and two sequels have made Spix's macaw recognizable to millions of people worldwide, but this is just the beginning in the long road to save these birds from the brink. For a long time, a global team has been working to breed and bring back Spix's macaws raised in a captive environment back into the wild.

The Spix's Macaw is native to a small area of northeast Brazil which is known as the Caatinga, an arid region consisting of savannah scrubland flat interspersed with creeks that flow through the seasons and gallery forests. The first time it was described was in 1819, and is one of the least-known Neotropical parrots, with only sporadic sightings from the wild and a few birds that are kept in captivity and some museum specimens.

To save the declining population, an international group was created. It was comprised of experts in aviculture who had the last remaining bird, as well as government officials. This group formed a collaboration with the world-renowned non profit organization Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation of Qatar to create an initiative to reintroduce the Spix's Macaws to their natural habitat.

AWWP has bought and is restoring 2,380 acres of prime habitat in Caatinga near Curaca, Brazil. AWWP also breeds and raises birds that will be released into the wild. This will provide a genetically-pure source of animals for future generations.

Spix's Macaws are usually found in trees, and seldom seen on the ground. They typically nest in hollows or holes in trees and forage for fruit as well as seeds, nuts, and other plants. They can spend up to 1/3 of their time in the nest.

A local community was selected as part of the field team in order to help identify Spix's Macaws. The community was given watches that would activate if the Spix's Macaw was detected. This enabled them to monitor the birds in the wild as well as their daily activities. This method has proven to be extremely successful.

Diet

The Spix's Macaw (Cyanopsitta spixii) is the only species of the Genus Cyanopsitta. The International Union for Conservation of Nature declared that it was extinct in the wild on April 1, 2019. This was following the last wild parrot disappeared in 2000, and no more birds were observed in subsequent surveys. However, a reintroduction project currently underway is trying to return this critically endangered bird back to its natural habitat in the Caatinga.

The northeast region of Brazil is home to about 10% of the country. Spix's Macaws were found in hollows old caraibeiras and were also known to eat seeds and nuts.

A reintroduction programme is underway to establish a natural population of the Spix's buy macaw. Eight birds that were raised in captivity were released into the wild in June and 12 more are scheduled to arrive in 2022. They will be joined by a group of Blue-winged Macaws who were reintroduced. They will share information about food sources, nesting and roosting locations.

The reintroduction program has collected vital biological data about the behavior of the bird, including information about daily movements and adjustments to drought. It also provides a window into the nature of the Spix's macaw purchase which helps to understand what led to its extinction in the wild.

Spix's Macaws eat the seeds, fruits and nuts of numerous species native to the Caatinga biome. This includes the pinhao-bravo (Jatropha mollissima) and linhas Brasil (Senegalia tenuifolia) as well as the joazeiro (Ziziphus joazeiro) and facheiro cactus (Pilosocereus pachycladus). The acai palm (Acaia olive) and mofumbo (Combretum léprosum) fruits are also edible.

Like all parrots like all parrots Macaws are social birds, and they have a close bond with their parents. They have vocalizations and often mimic speech and other sounds. They have a mating call called "whichaka," described as an extremely short and repetitive sound similar to an acoustic note. When they are in breeding mode they are known to fly high and fast.

Breeding

Spix's Macaws are highly intelligent and social birds. They communicate through screeching, squawking, and other sounds. Like many parrots they are able to mimic human speech. They have a very strict routine, including the way they fly and their bathing habits. They also can recognize other members of their family. They are popular as pets and are frequently targeted by illegal trade in birds due to this.

In the early 1980s only three Spix’s macaws remained in the wild. They were all poached. A plan to pair the male and female foiled in 1995, when poachers killed both birds. Since the time, all Spix's macaws known have been bred in captivity - mostly in Brazil.

The Spix's Macaws in captivity are a mixture of birds, and are the descendant of only two individuals. This leaves them vulnerable to illnesses and other environmental issues. The majority of the birds that are in captivity are in the breeding center in Germany, but this year an agreement between the German conservation center and the Brazilian government expired without renewal which raises doubt about the future plans to return the birds and then reintroduce them into the wild.

Despite their low numbers, captive-bred Spix's macaws are showing signs of improvement. This was evident when the Swiss breeder beat the sheikh of Qatar to purchase three Spix's Macaws from a collector.

In the wake of this and other efforts, captive-bred birds are beginning reproduce, but not at a high rate. Keeping them healthy and producing will be crucial for reintroducing the birds back into the wild. The selection of the right birds for release is equally important. The macaws should be of reproductive age and be paired with siblings or close relatives.

It may be difficult to bring the Spix's macaw back to the wild, but it is vital to try. ABC and its partners have established a reserve system to protect the last remaining habitats of this species. The eight Spix's macaws will soon be joined by blue-winged macaws that are more common in the Caatinga and are found in overlapping areas with Spix's macaws. These savvy birds will help macaws to become familiar with the area, and they will provide safety in numbers.